{ "dataset_version": "0.5.0-demo", "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "disclaimer_en": "Beta evidence-readiness dataset. Verify against the cited primary sources and route product-specific decisions to human review before making compliance decisions.", "disclaimer_zh": "Beta 证据准备度数据集。做出产品级合规决策前，请核对所引用的官方原始来源，并进入人工复核。", "count": 16, "total_count": 16, "limit": 50, "offset": 0, "records": [ { "id": "toys-eu", "category": "toys", "market": "EU", "risk_level": "high", "legal_status": "transition", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-06: Rechecked Directive 2009/48/EC essential safety, warnings, safety assessment and CE duties; checked RED scope for connected toys, the current Commission harmonised-standards index, and official 2025 EU customs results. Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 transition was confirmed on EUR-Lex in the prior review.", "summary_en": "During the transition through 31 July 2030, toys sold in the EU remain subject to the Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC. Battery-powered and connected toys can also trigger radio, battery, electrical, chemicals, waste and transport obligations. Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 applies from 1 August 2030, adding a digital product passport and stricter chemical rules. CE marking, age-appropriate hazard assessment and an EU-established economic operator remain central requirements.", "summary_zh": "在截至2030年7月31日的过渡期内，欧盟玩具仍适用《玩具安全指令》2009/48/EC。电池供电及联网玩具还可能触发无线电、电池、电气、化学品、废弃物和运输义务。《欧盟玩具安全条例》(EU) 2025/2509自2030年8月1日起适用，将引入数字产品护照及更严格的化学品规则。CE标志、适龄危险评估和欧盟境内经济运营者仍是核心要求。", "required_marks": [ "CE" ], "regulations": [ { "name": "Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009L0048" }, { "name": "Toy Safety Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 (applies 1 August 2030)", "authority": "European Union", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202502509" }, { "name": "General Product Safety Regulation (EU) 2023/988", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj" }, { "name": "Market Surveillance Regulation (EU) 2019/1020", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj" }, { "name": "Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU", "authority": "European Union", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/53/oj/eng" }, { "name": "EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542", "authority": "European Union", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj" }, { "name": "European Commission harmonised standards for toy safety", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/european-standards/harmonised-standards/toy-safety_en" }, { "name": "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, subsection 38.3.5", "authority": "UNECE", "source": "https://unece.org/DAM/trans/danger/publi/manual/Rev.6/ST-SG-AC10-11-Rev6-Amend1e.pdf" } ], "testing_certification": [ "EN 71 series (mechanical, flammability, chemical migration) at an accredited lab", "EC Declaration of Conformity drawn up and retained for 10 years", "Technical file available to market surveillance authorities, including the Article 18 toy safety assessment", "For powered toys, applicable electrical-toy, battery-compartment and foreseeable-abuse test evidence", "For connected toys, RED radio, EMC and safety conformity evidence; for lithium batteries, the UN 38.3 test summary" ], "labelling": [ "CE mark visible, legible, indelible", "Manufacturer and EU importer name + postal address on product or packaging", "Warnings (e.g. age grading) in the language(s) of the member state of sale", "Batch/serial number for traceability", "Warnings that affect the purchase decision visible before purchase, including in online offers" ], "local_representative": { "required": true, "note_en": "EU Responsible Person (importer, authorised rep, or fulfilment provider) mandatory; name and address must appear with the product.", "note_zh": "必须指定欧盟责任人（进口商、授权代表或履约服务商），其名称与地址须随产品标注。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "GPSR自2024年12月起适用，无欧盟责任人的listing会被平台直接下架", "警告语只有英文、缺少销售国语言版本，是海关扣货的常见原因", "CE自我声明不等于免测试——EN 71测试报告缺失时技术文件不完整" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-06", "jurisdiction_scope": "European Union (EU-27); member-state language, registration and enforcement details may vary", "applicability": [ "Confirm the product is legally a toy, intended age group, accessible small parts, battery security, radio functions and chemical hazards" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-06: Rechecked Directive 2009/48/EC essential safety, warnings, safety assessment and CE duties; checked RED scope for connected toys, the current Commission harmonised-standards index, and official 2025 EU customs results. Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 transition was confirmed on EUR-Lex in the prior review.", "verified_at": "2026-07-06", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 8, "sources": [ { "id": "toys-eu:source:1", "title": "Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009L0048", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-06" }, { "id": "toys-eu:source:2", "title": "Toy Safety Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 (applies 1 August 2030)", "authority": "European Union", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202502509", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-06" }, { "id": "toys-eu:source:3", "title": "General Product Safety Regulation (EU) 2023/988", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-06" }, { "id": "toys-eu:source:4", "title": "Market Surveillance Regulation (EU) 2019/1020", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-06" }, { "id": "toys-eu:source:5", "title": "Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU", "authority": "European Union", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/53/oj/eng", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-06" }, { "id": "toys-eu:source:6", "title": "EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542", "authority": "European Union", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-06" }, { "id": "toys-eu:source:7", "title": "European Commission harmonised standards for toy safety", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/european-standards/harmonised-standards/toy-safety_en", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-06" }, { "id": "toys-eu:source:8", "title": "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, subsection 38.3.5", "authority": "UNECE", "url": "https://unece.org/DAM/trans/danger/publi/manual/Rev.6/ST-SG-AC10-11-Rev6-Amend1e.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-06" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "toys-eu:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "During the transition through 31 July 2030, toys sold in the EU remain subject to the Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC. Battery-powered and connected toys can also trigger radio, battery, electrical, chemicals, waste and transport obligations. Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 applies from 1 August 2030, adding a digital product passport and stricter chemical rules. CE marking, age-appropriate hazard assessment and an EU-established economic operator remain central requirements.", "text_zh": "在截至2030年7月31日的过渡期内，欧盟玩具仍适用《玩具安全指令》2009/48/EC。电池供电及联网玩具还可能触发无线电、电池、电气、化学品、废弃物和运输义务。《欧盟玩具安全条例》(EU) 2025/2509自2030年8月1日起适用，将引入数字产品护照及更严格的化学品规则。CE标志、适龄危险评估和欧盟境内经济运营者仍是核心要求。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm the product is legally a toy, intended age group, accessible small parts, battery security, radio functions and chemical hazards" ], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:required_mark:1", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "CE", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "EN 71 series (mechanical, flammability, chemical migration) at an accredited lab", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "EC Declaration of Conformity drawn up and retained for 10 years", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Technical file available to market surveillance authorities, including the Article 18 toy safety assessment", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "For powered toys, applicable electrical-toy, battery-compartment and foreseeable-abuse test evidence", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:testing:5", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "For connected toys, RED radio, EMC and safety conformity evidence; for lithium batteries, the UN 38.3 test summary", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "CE mark visible, legible, indelible", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Manufacturer and EU importer name + postal address on product or packaging", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Warnings (e.g. age grading) in the language(s) of the member state of sale", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:labelling:4", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Batch/serial number for traceability", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:labelling:5", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Warnings that affect the purchase decision visible before purchase, including in online offers", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "EU Responsible Person (importer, authorised rep, or fulfilment provider) mandatory; name and address must appear with the product.", "text_zh": "必须指定欧盟责任人（进口商、授权代表或履约服务商），其名称与地址须随产品标注。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-eu:source:1", "toys-eu:source:2", "toys-eu:source:3", "toys-eu:source:4", "toys-eu:source:5", "toys-eu:source:6", "toys-eu:source:7", "toys-eu:source:8" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-eu:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "GPSR自2024年12月起适用，无欧盟责任人的listing会被平台直接下架", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-eu:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "警告语只有英文、缺少销售国语言版本，是海关扣货的常见原因", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-eu:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "CE自我声明不等于免测试——EN 71测试报告缺失时技术文件不完整", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "toys-us", "category": "toys", "market": "US", "risk_level": "high", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: cpsc.gov pages load fine in a normal browser (they only block scripted/automated fetches). Directly checked Toy Safety Business Guidance, Children's Product Certificate, Tracking Label Business Guidance, and Third-Party Testing Guidance pages. Confirmed CPC is issued by the domestic manufacturer/importer based on CPSC-accepted lab results (not by CPSC itself); tracking labels must be permanently affixed to the product AND its packaging (16 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5)(A)) — packaging alone is not compliant; retesting triggers are material-change testing plus periodic testing under 16 CFR 1107.21. Also found a new requirement not previously in this record: starting July 8, 2026, importers of most regulated consumer products must electronically file (eFile) certificates of compliance with CBP via a Partner Government Agency Message Set — added below.", "summary_en": "Children's products for the US require third-party testing at a CPSC-accepted lab against ASTM F963 and CPSIA limits (lead, phthalates), a Children's Product Certificate (CPC), and permanent tracking labels.", "summary_zh": "输美儿童产品必须在CPSC认可的第三方实验室按ASTM F963和CPSIA限值（铅、邻苯二甲酸盐）测试，出具儿童产品证书(CPC)，并加贴永久性追溯标签。", "required_marks": [], "regulations": [ { "name": "Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA)", "authority": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)", "source": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Regulations-Laws--Standards/Statutes/The-Consumer-Product-Safety-Improvement-Act" }, { "name": "ASTM F963-23 Toy Safety Standard (mandatory via 16 CFR 1250)", "authority": "CPSC", "source": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/Business-Education/Toy-Safety" }, { "name": "Small parts regulation 16 CFR 1501", "authority": "CPSC", "source": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-C/part-1501" }, { "name": "Certificates of Compliance eFiling (CBP PGA Message Set)", "authority": "CPSC / US Customs and Border Protection (CBP)", "source": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/Testing-Certification/Childrens-Product-Certificate" } ], "testing_certification": [ "Third-party testing at CPSC-accepted laboratory (mandatory, not self-declared)", "Children's Product Certificate (CPC) issued by the domestic manufacturer or importer, based on CPSC-accepted lab test results; available to CPSC and retailers on request", "Retesting on material change (16 CFR part 1109) and periodic retesting for products in continuous manufacture (16 CFR 1107.21)", "Starting July 8, 2026, importers of most regulated consumer products must eFile certificates of compliance with CBP via a Partner Government Agency (PGA) Message Set, in addition to maintaining the CPC" ], "labelling": [ "Permanent tracking label on both the product and its packaging (to the extent practicable): manufacturer/importer name, production date/location, batch info (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5)(A))", "Small parts choking hazard warnings per 16 CFR 1500.19", "Amazon/marketplaces request CPC at listing stage for toy categories" ], "local_representative": { "required": false, "note_en": "No general responsible-person requirement, but the importer of record holds legal responsibility; marketplaces increasingly demand CPC upfront.", "note_zh": "无统一的境内责任人制度，但登记进口商承担法律责任；各平台在上架时越来越多地要求提供CPC证书。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "CPC必须由CPSC认可实验室的报告支撑，普通ISO实验室报告无效", "追溯标签必须永久附着于产品本体，仅印在包装上不合规", "换供应商或换材料后未重新测试，是CPSC召回的高频原因" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "United States federal requirements; state requirements may add obligations", "applicability": [ "Confirm the product is legally a toy, intended age group, accessible small parts, battery security, radio functions and chemical hazards" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: cpsc.gov pages load fine in a normal browser (they only block scripted/automated fetches). Directly checked Toy Safety Business Guidance, Children's Product Certificate, Tracking Label Business Guidance, and Third-Party Testing Guidance pages. Confirmed CPC is issued by the domestic manufacturer/importer based on CPSC-accepted lab results (not by CPSC itself); tracking labels must be permanently affixed to the product AND its packaging (16 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5)(A)) — packaging alone is not compliant; retesting triggers are material-change testing plus periodic testing under 16 CFR 1107.21. Also found a new requirement not previously in this record: starting July 8, 2026, importers of most regulated consumer products must electronically file (eFile) certificates of compliance with CBP via a Partner Government Agency Message Set — added below.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 4, "sources": [ { "id": "toys-us:source:1", "title": "Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA)", "authority": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Regulations-Laws--Standards/Statutes/The-Consumer-Product-Safety-Improvement-Act", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "toys-us:source:2", "title": "ASTM F963-23 Toy Safety Standard (mandatory via 16 CFR 1250)", "authority": "CPSC", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/Business-Education/Toy-Safety", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "toys-us:source:3", "title": "Small parts regulation 16 CFR 1501", "authority": "CPSC", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-C/part-1501", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "toys-us:source:4", "title": "Certificates of Compliance eFiling (CBP PGA Message Set)", "authority": "CPSC / US Customs and Border Protection (CBP)", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/Testing-Certification/Childrens-Product-Certificate", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "toys-us:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Children's products for the US require third-party testing at a CPSC-accepted lab against ASTM F963 and CPSIA limits (lead, phthalates), a Children's Product Certificate (CPC), and permanent tracking labels.", "text_zh": "输美儿童产品必须在CPSC认可的第三方实验室按ASTM F963和CPSIA限值（铅、邻苯二甲酸盐）测试，出具儿童产品证书(CPC)，并加贴永久性追溯标签。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm the product is legally a toy, intended age group, accessible small parts, battery security, radio functions and chemical hazards" ], "evidence": [ "toys-us:source:1", "toys-us:source:2", "toys-us:source:3", "toys-us:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-us:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Third-party testing at CPSC-accepted laboratory (mandatory, not self-declared)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-us:source:1", "toys-us:source:2", "toys-us:source:3", "toys-us:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-us:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Children's Product Certificate (CPC) issued by the domestic manufacturer or importer, based on CPSC-accepted lab test results; available to CPSC and retailers on request", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-us:source:1", "toys-us:source:2", "toys-us:source:3", "toys-us:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-us:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Retesting on material change (16 CFR part 1109) and periodic retesting for products in continuous manufacture (16 CFR 1107.21)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-us:source:1", "toys-us:source:2", "toys-us:source:3", "toys-us:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-us:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Starting July 8, 2026, importers of most regulated consumer products must eFile certificates of compliance with CBP via a Partner Government Agency (PGA) Message Set, in addition to maintaining the CPC", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-us:source:1", "toys-us:source:2", "toys-us:source:3", "toys-us:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-us:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Permanent tracking label on both the product and its packaging (to the extent practicable): manufacturer/importer name, production date/location, batch info (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5)(A))", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-us:source:1", "toys-us:source:2", "toys-us:source:3", "toys-us:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-us:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Small parts choking hazard warnings per 16 CFR 1500.19", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-us:source:1", "toys-us:source:2", "toys-us:source:3", "toys-us:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-us:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Amazon/marketplaces request CPC at listing stage for toy categories", "text_zh": null, "classification": "platform_policy", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-us:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "No general responsible-person requirement, but the importer of record holds legal responsibility; marketplaces increasingly demand CPC upfront.", "text_zh": "无统一的境内责任人制度，但登记进口商承担法律责任；各平台在上架时越来越多地要求提供CPC证书。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": false, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-us:source:1", "toys-us:source:2", "toys-us:source:3", "toys-us:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-us:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "CPC必须由CPSC认可实验室的报告支撑，普通ISO实验室报告无效", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-us:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "追溯标签必须永久附着于产品本体，仅印在包装上不合规", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-us:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "换供应商或换材料后未重新测试，是CPSC召回的高频原因", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "toys-uk", "category": "toys", "market": "UK", "risk_level": "high", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: OPSS GB guidance reviewed; authorised-representative vs importer duties corrected; see changelog 0.2.0.", "summary_en": "Toys for Great Britain fall under the Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011. CE marking remains accepted for toys and UKCA is the domestic alternative. A UK authorised representative is optional, but a UK-established importer that places goods from outside the UK on the GB market has statutory importer and traceability duties.", "summary_zh": "输往大不列颠的玩具适用《2011年玩具（安全）条例》。玩具仍可使用CE标志，UKCA为英国本土替代标志。英国授权代表并非一概强制，但将在境外商品投放英国市场的英国进口商负有法定进口和可追溯义务。", "required_marks": [ "UKCA or CE" ], "regulations": [ { "name": "Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011", "authority": "UK Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS)", "source": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2011/1881/contents" }, { "name": "Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011: Great Britain guidance", "authority": "UK Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS)", "source": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/toys-safety-regulations-2011/toys-safety-regulations-2011-great-britain" }, { "name": "UKCA marking guidance", "authority": "UK Department for Business and Trade", "source": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-the-ukca-marking" } ], "testing_certification": [ "BS EN 71 series testing (harmonised with EU EN 71)", "UK Declaration of Conformity", "Northern Ireland follows EU rules (CE or CE+UKNI) — dual-regime trap for GB/NI split shipments" ], "labelling": [ "UKCA or CE mark", "UK importer/responsible person name and address", "English-language warnings and age grading" ], "local_representative": { "required": false, "conditional": true, "note_en": "A UK authorised representative may be appointed but is not universally mandatory. A UK-established importer is required when that entity places toys from outside the UK on the GB market and must meet importer-address and traceability duties.", "note_zh": "可指定英国授权代表，但并非一概强制。英国境内实体将境外玩具投放大不列颠市场时构成进口商，须履行进口商地址标注及可追溯义务。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "误以为英国脱欧后必须用UKCA——政府已宣布无限期继续承认CE标志（多数品类含玩具）", "北爱尔兰适用欧盟规则，与大不列颠不同，混发货件需分开处理", "不要把欧盟责任人制度直接套用于英国玩具；应先确定供应链中谁是英国进口商，以及是否另行委任授权代表" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales); Northern Ireland can follow a different regime", "applicability": [ "Confirm the product is legally a toy, intended age group, accessible small parts, battery security, radio functions and chemical hazards" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: OPSS GB guidance reviewed; authorised-representative vs importer duties corrected; see changelog 0.2.0.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ { "id": "toys-uk:source:1", "title": "Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011", "authority": "UK Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS)", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2011/1881/contents", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "toys-uk:source:2", "title": "Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011: Great Britain guidance", "authority": "UK Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/toys-safety-regulations-2011/toys-safety-regulations-2011-great-britain", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "toys-uk:source:3", "title": "UKCA marking guidance", "authority": "UK Department for Business and Trade", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-the-ukca-marking", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "toys-uk:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Toys for Great Britain fall under the Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011. CE marking remains accepted for toys and UKCA is the domestic alternative. A UK authorised representative is optional, but a UK-established importer that places goods from outside the UK on the GB market has statutory importer and traceability duties.", "text_zh": "输往大不列颠的玩具适用《2011年玩具（安全）条例》。玩具仍可使用CE标志，UKCA为英国本土替代标志。英国授权代表并非一概强制，但将在境外商品投放英国市场的英国进口商负有法定进口和可追溯义务。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm the product is legally a toy, intended age group, accessible small parts, battery security, radio functions and chemical hazards" ], "evidence": [ "toys-uk:source:1", "toys-uk:source:2", "toys-uk:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-uk:required_mark:1", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "UKCA or CE", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-uk:source:1", "toys-uk:source:2", "toys-uk:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-uk:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "BS EN 71 series testing (harmonised with EU EN 71)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-uk:source:1", "toys-uk:source:2", "toys-uk:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-uk:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "UK Declaration of Conformity", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-uk:source:1", "toys-uk:source:2", "toys-uk:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-uk:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Northern Ireland follows EU rules (CE or CE+UKNI) — dual-regime trap for GB/NI split shipments", "text_zh": null, "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-uk:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "UKCA or CE mark", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-uk:source:1", "toys-uk:source:2", "toys-uk:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-uk:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "UK importer/responsible person name and address", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-uk:source:1", "toys-uk:source:2", "toys-uk:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-uk:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "English-language warnings and age grading", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-uk:source:1", "toys-uk:source:2", "toys-uk:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-uk:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "A UK authorised representative may be appointed but is not universally mandatory. A UK-established importer is required when that entity places toys from outside the UK on the GB market and must meet importer-address and traceability duties.", "text_zh": "可指定英国授权代表，但并非一概强制。英国境内实体将境外玩具投放大不列颠市场时构成进口商，须履行进口商地址标注及可追溯义务。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Requirement depends on authorization route and supply-chain role" ], "evidence": [ "toys-uk:source:1", "toys-uk:source:2", "toys-uk:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-uk:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "误以为英国脱欧后必须用UKCA——政府已宣布无限期继续承认CE标志（多数品类含玩具）", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-uk:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "北爱尔兰适用欧盟规则，与大不列颠不同，混发货件需分开处理", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-uk:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "不要把欧盟责任人制度直接套用于英国玩具；应先确定供应链中谁是英国进口商，以及是否另行委任授权代表", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "toys-au", "category": "toys", "market": "AU", "risk_level": "medium", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: ACCC mandatory-standard page checked; accepted standards corrected to AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2023 with ISO 8124-1/EN 71-1/ASTM F963-17 alternatives plus AS/NZS 62115 for electric toys; button-battery scope confirmed.", "summary_en": "Australia enforces mandatory toy standards under the Australian Consumer Law (based on AS/NZS ISO 8124), plus world-first mandatory button/coin battery safety standards that apply to any product containing them.", "summary_zh": "澳大利亚依据《澳大利亚消费者法》强制执行玩具安全标准（基于AS/NZS ISO 8124），并实施全球首个强制性纽扣电池安全标准，适用于所有含纽扣电池的产品。", "required_marks": [], "regulations": [ { "name": "Consumer Goods (Toys for Children up to 36 months) Safety Standard", "authority": "Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC)", "source": "https://www.productsafety.gov.au/product-safety-laws/safety-standards-bans/mandatory-standards/toys-for-children-up-to-and-including-36-months-of-age" }, { "name": "Button/coin battery mandatory standards (2020, in force June 2022)", "authority": "ACCC", "source": "https://www.productsafety.gov.au/product-safety-laws/safety-standards-bans/mandatory-standards/button-and-coin-batteries" } ], "testing_certification": [ "Toys for children up to 36 months: mandatory standard based on sections of AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2023, with ISO 8124-1:2022, EN 71-1:2014+A1:2018 and ASTM F963-17 accepted as alternatives", "Electric toys: AS/NZS 62115:2018 applies", "Battery compartments on toys for children up to 36 months must be secured so they can only be opened with a tool", "Button battery compliance: secure compartments, child-resistant packaging, warnings — applies beyond toys to any consumer product with button/coin batteries" ], "labelling": [ "Button battery warning markings on packaging and instructions", "No general conformity mark required for toys (unlike CE/UKCA)" ], "local_representative": { "required": false, "note_en": "No responsible-person regime; ACL liability sits with the supplier, and penalties for breaching mandatory standards are severe.", "note_zh": "无境内责任人制度；供应商依《澳大利亚消费者法》承担责任，违反强制标准的处罚十分严厉。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "纽扣电池标准适用于所有含此类电池的商品，不只是玩具——遥控器、电子礼品同样适用", "澳洲无CE式认证标志，卖家误以为'无标志=无要求'，实际强制标准照样执法", "ACCC对违规产品可处以巨额罚款并强制召回，执法记录公开" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "Australia; state and territory enforcement can vary", "applicability": [ "Confirm the product is legally a toy, intended age group, accessible small parts, battery security, radio functions and chemical hazards" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: ACCC mandatory-standard page checked; accepted standards corrected to AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2023 with ISO 8124-1/EN 71-1/ASTM F963-17 alternatives plus AS/NZS 62115 for electric toys; button-battery scope confirmed.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ { "id": "toys-au:source:1", "title": "Consumer Goods (Toys for Children up to 36 months) Safety Standard", "authority": "Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC)", "url": "https://www.productsafety.gov.au/product-safety-laws/safety-standards-bans/mandatory-standards/toys-for-children-up-to-and-including-36-months-of-age", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "toys-au:source:2", "title": "Button/coin battery mandatory standards (2020, in force June 2022)", "authority": "ACCC", "url": "https://www.productsafety.gov.au/product-safety-laws/safety-standards-bans/mandatory-standards/button-and-coin-batteries", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "toys-au:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Australia enforces mandatory toy standards under the Australian Consumer Law (based on AS/NZS ISO 8124), plus world-first mandatory button/coin battery safety standards that apply to any product containing them.", "text_zh": "澳大利亚依据《澳大利亚消费者法》强制执行玩具安全标准（基于AS/NZS ISO 8124），并实施全球首个强制性纽扣电池安全标准，适用于所有含纽扣电池的产品。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm the product is legally a toy, intended age group, accessible small parts, battery security, radio functions and chemical hazards" ], "evidence": [ "toys-au:source:1", "toys-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-au:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Toys for children up to 36 months: mandatory standard based on sections of AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2023, with ISO 8124-1:2022, EN 71-1:2014+A1:2018 and ASTM F963-17 accepted as alternatives", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-au:source:1", "toys-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-au:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Electric toys: AS/NZS 62115:2018 applies", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-au:source:1", "toys-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-au:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Battery compartments on toys for children up to 36 months must be secured so they can only be opened with a tool", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-au:source:1", "toys-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-au:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Button battery compliance: secure compartments, child-resistant packaging, warnings — applies beyond toys to any consumer product with button/coin batteries", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-au:source:1", "toys-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-au:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Button battery warning markings on packaging and instructions", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-au:source:1", "toys-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-au:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "No general conformity mark required for toys (unlike CE/UKCA)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-au:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "No responsible-person regime; ACL liability sits with the supplier, and penalties for breaching mandatory standards are severe.", "text_zh": "无境内责任人制度；供应商依《澳大利亚消费者法》承担责任，违反强制标准的处罚十分严厉。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": false, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "toys-au:source:1", "toys-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "toys-au:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "纽扣电池标准适用于所有含此类电池的商品，不只是玩具——遥控器、电子礼品同样适用", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-au:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "澳洲无CE式认证标志，卖家误以为'无标志=无要求'，实际强制标准照样执法", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "toys-au:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "ACCC对违规产品可处以巨额罚款并强制召回，执法记录公开", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu", "category": "battery-electronics", "market": "EU", "risk_level": "high", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked EUR-Lex full text of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 directly in browser, including DOM-level extraction of specific articles. Confirmed CE marking of batteries (Article 3(1)(36), Article 19), carbon footprint rules (Article 7), and due diligence obligations (Article 48). Pinned down the three separate 18 February 2027 milestones and the >2 kWh threshold: (1) Article 11 (portable/LMT battery removability and replaceability by end-user) applies from 18 February 2027 per the entry-into-force provision in Article 96(2)(a); (2) Article 13(6) requires all batteries to bear a QR code from 18 February 2027 (general battery label itself is required earlier, from 18 August 2026 per Article 13(1)-(3)); (3) Article 77(1) requires a digital battery passport from 18 February 2027 for each LMT battery, each industrial battery with a capacity greater than 2 kWh, and each electric vehicle battery. Timeline is now fully citable. RED/RoHS/WEEE citations not re-read in full text this pass but URLs resolve correctly.", "summary_en": "Battery-powered electronics for the EU stack multiple regimes: CE under RED (wireless) or LVD/EMC, RoHS substance limits, WEEE registration per member state, the new EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542, and UN 38.3 for lithium battery transport.", "summary_zh": "输欧带电池电子产品需叠加多套法规：无线产品适用RED（否则LVD/EMC）并加贴CE标志、RoHS有害物质限制、按成员国注册WEEE、新的欧盟电池法规2023/1542，以及锂电池运输的UN 38.3。", "required_marks": [ "CE", "WEEE crossed-out bin symbol" ], "regulations": [ { "name": "Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0053" }, { "name": "RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0065" }, { "name": "EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj" }, { "name": "WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012L0019" } ], "testing_certification": [ "RED testing (radio, EMC, safety) — Bluetooth/WiFi products", "UN 38.3 test summary for lithium cells/batteries (transport)", "CE Declaration of Conformity covering all applicable directives", "Battery Regulation: CE marking of batteries themselves; carbon footprint declaration (Article 7) and supply-chain due diligence policy (Article 48) obligations", "From 18 February 2027: portable/LMT batteries must be readily removable and replaceable by the end-user (Article 11, per Article 96(2)(a))", "From 18 February 2027: all batteries must bear a QR code (Article 13(6)); the general battery label itself is required earlier, from 18 August 2026 (Article 13(1)-(3))", "From 18 February 2027: LMT batteries, industrial batteries >2 kWh, and EV batteries must have a digital battery passport (Article 77(1))" ], "labelling": [ "CE mark, WEEE crossed-out wheelie bin symbol", "Manufacturer + EU importer address", "Battery capacity and separate-collection marking under Battery Regulation" ], "local_representative": { "required": true, "note_en": "EU responsible person required (GPSR / Market Surveillance Reg); WEEE and battery producer registration needed in each member state of sale.", "note_zh": "需欧盟责任人（GPSR/市场监管条例）；且须在每个销售成员国分别完成WEEE和电池生产者注册。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "WEEE注册按国别进行，德国(EAR)和法国执法最严，未注册会被平台封listing", "新电池法规要求电池本身也加贴CE标志，旧库存需评估过渡期", "UN 38.3测试摘要缺失会导致物流商拒收，货物滞留在头程" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "European Union (EU-27); member-state language, registration and enforcement details may vary", "applicability": [ "Confirm battery chemistry, radio functionality, voltage, charger and transport configuration" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked EUR-Lex full text of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 directly in browser, including DOM-level extraction of specific articles. Confirmed CE marking of batteries (Article 3(1)(36), Article 19), carbon footprint rules (Article 7), and due diligence obligations (Article 48). Pinned down the three separate 18 February 2027 milestones and the >2 kWh threshold: (1) Article 11 (portable/LMT battery removability and replaceability by end-user) applies from 18 February 2027 per the entry-into-force provision in Article 96(2)(a); (2) Article 13(6) requires all batteries to bear a QR code from 18 February 2027 (general battery label itself is required earlier, from 18 August 2026 per Article 13(1)-(3)); (3) Article 77(1) requires a digital battery passport from 18 February 2027 for each LMT battery, each industrial battery with a capacity greater than 2 kWh, and each electric vehicle battery. Timeline is now fully citable. RED/RoHS/WEEE citations not re-read in full text this pass but URLs resolve correctly.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 4, "sources": [ { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "title": "Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0053", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "title": "RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0065", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "title": "EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:source:4", "title": "WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012L0019", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Battery-powered electronics for the EU stack multiple regimes: CE under RED (wireless) or LVD/EMC, RoHS substance limits, WEEE registration per member state, the new EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542, and UN 38.3 for lithium battery transport.", "text_zh": "输欧带电池电子产品需叠加多套法规：无线产品适用RED（否则LVD/EMC）并加贴CE标志、RoHS有害物质限制、按成员国注册WEEE、新的欧盟电池法规2023/1542，以及锂电池运输的UN 38.3。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm battery chemistry, radio functionality, voltage, charger and transport configuration" ], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:required_mark:1", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "CE", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:required_mark:2", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "WEEE crossed-out bin symbol", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "RED testing (radio, EMC, safety) — Bluetooth/WiFi products", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "UN 38.3 test summary for lithium cells/batteries (transport)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "CE Declaration of Conformity covering all applicable directives", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Battery Regulation: CE marking of batteries themselves; carbon footprint declaration (Article 7) and supply-chain due diligence policy (Article 48) obligations", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:testing:5", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "From 18 February 2027: portable/LMT batteries must be readily removable and replaceable by the end-user (Article 11, per Article 96(2)(a))", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:testing:6", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "From 18 February 2027: all batteries must bear a QR code (Article 13(6)); the general battery label itself is required earlier, from 18 August 2026 (Article 13(1)-(3))", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:testing:7", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "From 18 February 2027: LMT batteries, industrial batteries >2 kWh, and EV batteries must have a digital battery passport (Article 77(1))", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "CE mark, WEEE crossed-out wheelie bin symbol", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Manufacturer + EU importer address", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Battery capacity and separate-collection marking under Battery Regulation", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "EU responsible person required (GPSR / Market Surveillance Reg); WEEE and battery producer registration needed in each member state of sale.", "text_zh": "需欧盟责任人（GPSR/市场监管条例）；且须在每个销售成员国分别完成WEEE和电池生产者注册。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-eu:source:1", "battery-electronics-eu:source:2", "battery-electronics-eu:source:3", "battery-electronics-eu:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "WEEE注册按国别进行，德国(EAR)和法国执法最严，未注册会被平台封listing", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "新电池法规要求电池本身也加贴CE标志，旧库存需评估过渡期", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-eu:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "UN 38.3测试摘要缺失会导致物流商拒收，货物滞留在头程", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us", "category": "battery-electronics", "market": "US", "risk_level": "high", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: FCC SDoC responsible-party conditionality reviewed; see changelog 0.2.0.", "summary_en": "US market: FCC authorization (SDoC for unintentional radiators, certification via TCB for WiFi/Bluetooth), UN 38.3 + DOT rules for lithium battery shipping, and marketplace-driven UL safety standards (UL 62368-1, UL 2054) which are de facto mandatory on Amazon.", "summary_zh": "美国市场：FCC认证（非有意辐射设备走SDoC，WiFi/蓝牙产品需经TCB认证），锂电池运输须UN 38.3和DOT规则，UL安全标准（UL 62368-1、UL 2054）虽非法定强制但已是亚马逊等平台的事实门槛。", "required_marks": [ "FCC (where applicable)" ], "regulations": [ { "name": "FCC Part 15 (radio frequency devices)", "authority": "Federal Communications Commission", "source": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-15" }, { "name": "DOT/PHMSA lithium battery transport rules (49 CFR 173.185)", "authority": "US Department of Transportation", "source": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-173/subpart-E/section-173.185" }, { "name": "California Proposition 65", "authority": "California OEHHA", "source": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65" } ], "testing_certification": [ "FCC SDoC or TCB certification with FCC ID for intentional radiators", "UN 38.3 test summary for lithium batteries", "UL 62368-1 / UL 2054 testing — marketplace requirement for battery products", "Prop 65 assessment or warning label for California sales" ], "labelling": [ "FCC ID or compliance statement", "Lithium battery handling/shipping marks on packaging", "Prop 65 warning if listed chemicals present without assessment" ], "local_representative": { "required": false, "conditional": true, "note_en": "A US-based responsible party is required when the FCC Supplier's Declaration of Conformity procedure applies. Other authorization routes and CPSC obligations differ; the importer of record may carry separate liability.", "note_zh": "适用FCC供应商符合性声明(SDoC)程序时，必须有美国境内责任方。其他授权路径及CPSC义务有所不同；登记进口商可能另负法律责任。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "SDoC也需要美国境内责任方——很多卖家不知道纯自我声明同样有属地要求", "亚马逊对充电宝、电池类目强制要求UL报告，无UL 2054/62368-1报告无法上架", "Prop 65是私人律师驱动执法，中小卖家是钓鱼诉讼的主要目标" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "United States federal requirements; state requirements may add obligations", "applicability": [ "Confirm battery chemistry, radio functionality, voltage, charger and transport configuration" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: FCC SDoC responsible-party conditionality reviewed; see changelog 0.2.0.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ { "id": "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "title": "FCC Part 15 (radio frequency devices)", "authority": "Federal Communications Commission", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-15", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "title": "DOT/PHMSA lithium battery transport rules (49 CFR 173.185)", "authority": "US Department of Transportation", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-173/subpart-E/section-173.185", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:source:3", "title": "California Proposition 65", "authority": "California OEHHA", "url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "battery-electronics-us:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "US market: FCC authorization (SDoC for unintentional radiators, certification via TCB for WiFi/Bluetooth), UN 38.3 + DOT rules for lithium battery shipping, and marketplace-driven UL safety standards (UL 62368-1, UL 2054) which are de facto mandatory on Amazon.", "text_zh": "美国市场：FCC认证（非有意辐射设备走SDoC，WiFi/蓝牙产品需经TCB认证），锂电池运输须UN 38.3和DOT规则，UL安全标准（UL 62368-1、UL 2054）虽非法定强制但已是亚马逊等平台的事实门槛。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm battery chemistry, radio functionality, voltage, charger and transport configuration" ], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:required_mark:1", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "FCC (where applicable)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "FCC SDoC or TCB certification with FCC ID for intentional radiators", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "UN 38.3 test summary for lithium batteries", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "UL 62368-1 / UL 2054 testing — marketplace requirement for battery products", "text_zh": null, "classification": "platform_policy", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Prop 65 assessment or warning label for California sales", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "FCC ID or compliance statement", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Lithium battery handling/shipping marks on packaging", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Prop 65 warning if listed chemicals present without assessment", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "A US-based responsible party is required when the FCC Supplier's Declaration of Conformity procedure applies. Other authorization routes and CPSC obligations differ; the importer of record may carry separate liability.", "text_zh": "适用FCC供应商符合性声明(SDoC)程序时，必须有美国境内责任方。其他授权路径及CPSC义务有所不同；登记进口商可能另负法律责任。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Requirement depends on authorization route and supply-chain role" ], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-us:source:1", "battery-electronics-us:source:2", "battery-electronics-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "SDoC也需要美国境内责任方——很多卖家不知道纯自我声明同样有属地要求", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "亚马逊对充电宝、电池类目强制要求UL报告，无UL 2054/62368-1报告无法上架", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-us:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "Prop 65是私人律师驱动执法，中小卖家是钓鱼诉讼的主要目标", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk", "category": "battery-electronics", "market": "UK", "risk_level": "medium", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: UK instruments and importer duties reviewed; see changelog 0.2.0.", "summary_en": "GB uses domestic instruments including the Radio Equipment Regulations 2017, RoHS Regulations 2012 and WEEE Regulations 2013; UKCA or CE marking is accepted for relevant equipment. A UK authorised representative is optional, while a UK-established importer has statutory conformity and traceability duties.", "summary_zh": "大不列颠适用《2017年无线电设备条例》《2012年RoHS条例》和《2013年WEEE条例》等本国法规；相关设备可使用UKCA或CE标志。英国授权代表并非一概强制，但英国境内进口商负有法定符合性及可追溯义务。", "required_marks": [ "UKCA or CE", "WEEE crossed-out bin symbol" ], "regulations": [ { "name": "Radio Equipment Regulations 2017", "authority": "OPSS / Ofcom", "source": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1206/contents" }, { "name": "Radio Equipment Regulations 2017: Great Britain guidance", "authority": "UK OPSS", "source": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/radio-equipment-regulations-2017/radio-equipment-regulations-2017-great-britain" }, { "name": "RoHS Regulations 2012 (UK)", "authority": "OPSS", "source": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/3032/contents" }, { "name": "WEEE Regulations 2013 (UK)", "authority": "Environment Agency", "source": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/3113/contents" } ], "testing_certification": [ "Testing to designated standards (largely identical to EU harmonised standards)", "UK Declaration of Conformity", "WEEE producer registration and battery producer compliance scheme membership" ], "labelling": [ "UKCA or CE mark", "UK importer address", "Crossed-out wheelie bin symbol" ], "local_representative": { "required": false, "conditional": true, "note_en": "A UK authorised representative may be appointed but is not universally mandatory. A UK-established importer is required where that entity places equipment from outside the UK on the GB market. WEEE producer obligations are separate and depend on the supply model.", "note_zh": "可指定英国授权代表，但并非一概强制。英国境内实体将境外设备投放大不列颠市场时构成进口商。WEEE生产者义务另行适用，并取决于具体供应模式。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "英国WEEE与欧盟WEEE注册完全独立，双市场卖家常漏掉英国侧", "测试报告可复用欧盟数据，但符合性声明须单独出具英国版本", "含无线功能产品在英国需确认频段符合Ofcom分配（大体同欧盟但有差异）" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales); Northern Ireland can follow a different regime", "applicability": [ "Confirm battery chemistry, radio functionality, voltage, charger and transport configuration" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: UK instruments and importer duties reviewed; see changelog 0.2.0.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 4, "sources": [ { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "title": "Radio Equipment Regulations 2017", "authority": "OPSS / Ofcom", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1206/contents", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "title": "Radio Equipment Regulations 2017: Great Britain guidance", "authority": "UK OPSS", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/radio-equipment-regulations-2017/radio-equipment-regulations-2017-great-britain", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "title": "RoHS Regulations 2012 (UK)", "authority": "OPSS", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/3032/contents", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:source:4", "title": "WEEE Regulations 2013 (UK)", "authority": "Environment Agency", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/3113/contents", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "GB uses domestic instruments including the Radio Equipment Regulations 2017, RoHS Regulations 2012 and WEEE Regulations 2013; UKCA or CE marking is accepted for relevant equipment. A UK authorised representative is optional, while a UK-established importer has statutory conformity and traceability duties.", "text_zh": "大不列颠适用《2017年无线电设备条例》《2012年RoHS条例》和《2013年WEEE条例》等本国法规；相关设备可使用UKCA或CE标志。英国授权代表并非一概强制，但英国境内进口商负有法定符合性及可追溯义务。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm battery chemistry, radio functionality, voltage, charger and transport configuration" ], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:required_mark:1", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "UKCA or CE", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:required_mark:2", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "WEEE crossed-out bin symbol", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Testing to designated standards (largely identical to EU harmonised standards)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "UK Declaration of Conformity", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "WEEE producer registration and battery producer compliance scheme membership", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "UKCA or CE mark", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "UK importer address", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Crossed-out wheelie bin symbol", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "A UK authorised representative may be appointed but is not universally mandatory. A UK-established importer is required where that entity places equipment from outside the UK on the GB market. WEEE producer obligations are separate and depend on the supply model.", "text_zh": "可指定英国授权代表，但并非一概强制。英国境内实体将境外设备投放大不列颠市场时构成进口商。WEEE生产者义务另行适用，并取决于具体供应模式。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Requirement depends on authorization route and supply-chain role" ], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-uk:source:1", "battery-electronics-uk:source:2", "battery-electronics-uk:source:3", "battery-electronics-uk:source:4" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "英国WEEE与欧盟WEEE注册完全独立，双市场卖家常漏掉英国侧", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "测试报告可复用欧盟数据，但符合性声明须单独出具英国版本", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-uk:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "含无线功能产品在英国需确认频段符合Ofcom分配（大体同欧盟但有差异）", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au", "category": "battery-electronics", "market": "AU", "risk_level": "medium", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "partially_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked productsafety.gov.au button/coin battery mandatory standards page and acma.gov.au labelling guidance directly in browser (both load fine; the earlier session's blocker was specifically the ACCC guide PDF, not this HTML page). Confirmed button/coin battery standards scope covers all consumer goods that use, are powered by, or operate with button/coin batteries (not just toys), and that RCM/EESS both use the Regulatory Compliance Mark. Supplier registration requirement not re-verified against a dedicated ACMA registration page (linked page 404'd); left as-is based on general ACMA framework knowledge — needs one more check.", "summary_en": "Australia requires the RCM (Regulatory Compliance Mark) covering ACMA EMC/radio rules and electrical safety; in-scope electrical equipment must be registered on the EESS database. Button battery standards apply if coin cells are used.", "summary_zh": "澳大利亚要求加贴RCM标志（涵盖ACMA电磁兼容/无线电规则及电气安全）；范围内电气设备须在EESS数据库注册。使用纽扣电池的产品另需符合纽扣电池强制标准。", "required_marks": [ "RCM" ], "regulations": [ { "name": "Radiocommunications compliance labelling and RCM guidance", "authority": "Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA)", "source": "https://www.acma.gov.au/step-5-label-your-product" }, { "name": "Electrical Equipment Safety System (EESS)", "authority": "State electrical safety regulators", "source": "https://www.eess.gov.au/" }, { "name": "Button/coin battery mandatory standards", "authority": "ACCC", "source": "https://www.productsafety.gov.au/product-safety-laws/safety-standards-bans/mandatory-standards/button-and-coin-batteries" } ], "testing_certification": [ "EMC/radio testing to ACMA-recognised standards", "EESS registration for Level 2/3 in-scope electrical equipment", "Supplier registration on the ACMA national database before applying RCM" ], "labelling": [ "RCM mark on product", "Button battery warnings where applicable" ], "local_representative": { "required": true, "note_en": "RCM requires an Australian supplier registration — the mark can only be applied by/for an entity with an Australian presence.", "note_zh": "使用RCM标志的前提是完成澳大利亚供应商注册——只有澳境内实体可作为注册供应商。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "RCM必须挂靠澳洲本地注册供应商，跨境直邮卖家需找本地代理挂靠", "EESS按风险等级(Level 1-3)区分注册义务，带插头充电器多为高等级", "各州电气安全监管机构分头执法，昆士兰州最为积极" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "Australia; state and territory enforcement can vary", "applicability": [ "Confirm battery chemistry, radio functionality, voltage, charger and transport configuration" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "partially_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked productsafety.gov.au button/coin battery mandatory standards page and acma.gov.au labelling guidance directly in browser (both load fine; the earlier session's blocker was specifically the ACCC guide PDF, not this HTML page). Confirmed button/coin battery standards scope covers all consumer goods that use, are powered by, or operate with button/coin batteries (not just toys), and that RCM/EESS both use the Regulatory Compliance Mark. Supplier registration requirement not re-verified against a dedicated ACMA registration page (linked page 404'd); left as-is based on general ACMA framework knowledge — needs one more check.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review (partial — see provenance.review_note)", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ { "id": "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "title": "Radiocommunications compliance labelling and RCM guidance", "authority": "Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA)", "url": "https://www.acma.gov.au/step-5-label-your-product", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "title": "Electrical Equipment Safety System (EESS)", "authority": "State electrical safety regulators", "url": "https://www.eess.gov.au/", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:source:3", "title": "Button/coin battery mandatory standards", "authority": "ACCC", "url": "https://www.productsafety.gov.au/product-safety-laws/safety-standards-bans/mandatory-standards/button-and-coin-batteries", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "battery-electronics-au:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Australia requires the RCM (Regulatory Compliance Mark) covering ACMA EMC/radio rules and electrical safety; in-scope electrical equipment must be registered on the EESS database. Button battery standards apply if coin cells are used.", "text_zh": "澳大利亚要求加贴RCM标志（涵盖ACMA电磁兼容/无线电规则及电气安全）；范围内电气设备须在EESS数据库注册。使用纽扣电池的产品另需符合纽扣电池强制标准。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm battery chemistry, radio functionality, voltage, charger and transport configuration" ], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "battery-electronics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:required_mark:1", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "RCM", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "battery-electronics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "EMC/radio testing to ACMA-recognised standards", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "battery-electronics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "EESS registration for Level 2/3 in-scope electrical equipment", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "battery-electronics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Supplier registration on the ACMA national database before applying RCM", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "battery-electronics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "RCM mark on product", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "battery-electronics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Button battery warnings where applicable", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "battery-electronics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "RCM requires an Australian supplier registration — the mark can only be applied by/for an entity with an Australian presence.", "text_zh": "使用RCM标志的前提是完成澳大利亚供应商注册——只有澳境内实体可作为注册供应商。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "battery-electronics-au:source:1", "battery-electronics-au:source:2", "battery-electronics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "RCM必须挂靠澳洲本地注册供应商，跨境直邮卖家需找本地代理挂靠", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "EESS按风险等级(Level 1-3)区分注册义务，带插头充电器多为高等级", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "battery-electronics-au:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "各州电气安全监管机构分头执法，昆士兰州最为积极", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu", "category": "cosmetics", "market": "EU", "risk_level": "high", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu CPNP portal page and EUR-Lex text of Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 in browser. Confirmed CPNP notification (Article 13) is free of charge and required before placing on market; animal testing ban is Article 18. Existing summary matched, no changes needed.", "summary_en": "EU cosmetics require a designated Responsible Person, notification on the CPNP portal before sale, a Product Information File with safety assessment, INCI ingredient labelling, and compliance with the animal testing ban.", "summary_zh": "输欧化妆品必须指定责任人(RP)、上市前在CPNP门户完成通报、备有含安全评估的产品信息文件(PIF)、按INCI标注成分，并遵守动物实验禁令。", "required_marks": [], "regulations": [ { "name": "Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R1223" }, { "name": "CPNP notification portal", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/cosmetics/cosmetic-product-notification-portal_en" } ], "testing_certification": [ "Cosmetic Product Safety Report (CPSR) by a qualified safety assessor", "Product Information File (PIF) held by the Responsible Person for 10 years", "Stability, challenge (preservative efficacy) and compatibility testing expected in PIF", "No animal testing for cosmetic purposes (ban applies to product and ingredients)" ], "labelling": [ "INCI ingredient list in descending order", "Responsible Person name and address", "Period-after-opening or best-before date, batch code", "Local-language requirements for certain mandatory particulars per member state" ], "local_representative": { "required": true, "note_en": "The Responsible Person is the legal cornerstone: without an EU RP the product cannot be lawfully placed on the market at all.", "note_zh": "责任人是法律核心：没有欧盟责任人，产品根本不能合法上市。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "在中国做过动物实验的配方（如为满足中国注册要求）可能触发欧盟动物实验禁令冲突", "CPNP通报免费且必须在上市前完成，很多卖家误以为可以先卖后报", "美白/祛斑宣称在欧盟受成分限制（如对苯二酚禁用），中国畅销配方常踩线" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "European Union (EU-27); member-state language, registration and enforcement details may vary", "applicability": [ "Confirm intended use, ingredients, claims, presentation and whether the product is therapeutic" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu CPNP portal page and EUR-Lex text of Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 in browser. Confirmed CPNP notification (Article 13) is free of charge and required before placing on market; animal testing ban is Article 18. Existing summary matched, no changes needed.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ { "id": "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "title": "Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R1223", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:source:2", "title": "CPNP notification portal", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/cosmetics/cosmetic-product-notification-portal_en", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "cosmetics-eu:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "EU cosmetics require a designated Responsible Person, notification on the CPNP portal before sale, a Product Information File with safety assessment, INCI ingredient labelling, and compliance with the animal testing ban.", "text_zh": "输欧化妆品必须指定责任人(RP)、上市前在CPNP门户完成通报、备有含安全评估的产品信息文件(PIF)、按INCI标注成分，并遵守动物实验禁令。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm intended use, ingredients, claims, presentation and whether the product is therapeutic" ], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Cosmetic Product Safety Report (CPSR) by a qualified safety assessor", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Product Information File (PIF) held by the Responsible Person for 10 years", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Stability, challenge (preservative efficacy) and compatibility testing expected in PIF", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "No animal testing for cosmetic purposes (ban applies to product and ingredients)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "INCI ingredient list in descending order", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Responsible Person name and address", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Period-after-opening or best-before date, batch code", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:labelling:4", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Local-language requirements for certain mandatory particulars per member state", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "The Responsible Person is the legal cornerstone: without an EU RP the product cannot be lawfully placed on the market at all.", "text_zh": "责任人是法律核心：没有欧盟责任人，产品根本不能合法上市。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-eu:source:1", "cosmetics-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "在中国做过动物实验的配方（如为满足中国注册要求）可能触发欧盟动物实验禁令冲突", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "CPNP通报免费且必须在上市前完成，很多卖家误以为可以先卖后报", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "cosmetics-eu:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "美白/祛斑宣称在欧盟受成分限制（如对苯二酚禁用），中国畅销配方常踩线", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "cosmetics-us", "category": "cosmetics", "market": "US", "risk_level": "high", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked fda.gov/cosmetics MoCRA page directly in browser (blocks scripted fetch but loads normally). Confirmed: facility registration renews every 2 years, serious adverse event reporting within 15 business days, fragrance allergen labeling still at rulemaking stage (not yet finalized). All matched the existing summary.", "summary_en": "Under MoCRA (2022), cosmetics for the US require FDA facility registration, product listing, safety substantiation, adverse-event recordkeeping, and a US agent for foreign facilities — the biggest expansion of FDA cosmetics authority since 1938.", "summary_zh": "根据《化妆品监管现代化法案》(MoCRA, 2022)，输美化妆品需FDA工厂注册、产品列名、安全性证明、不良事件记录，境外工厂须指定美国代理人——这是1938年以来FDA化妆品监管权最大的一次扩张。", "required_marks": [], "regulations": [ { "name": "Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act (MoCRA)", "authority": "US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)", "source": "https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/modernization-cosmetics-regulation-act-2022-mocra" }, { "name": "FD&C Act + Fair Packaging and Labeling Act", "authority": "FDA", "source": "https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-labeling/cosmetics-labeling-regulations" } ], "testing_certification": [ "Safety substantiation with adequate evidence (tests or existing data)", "Facility registration renewed biennially; product listing updated annually", "Serious adverse event reporting within 15 business days", "Note: products with sunscreen/SPF claims are OTC drugs — a separate, much heavier regime" ], "labelling": [ "Ingredient declaration per FPLA", "US contact for adverse event reporting on the label", "Fragrance allergen disclosure (rulemaking in progress under MoCRA; FDA has not yet issued a final rule as of the July 2026 check)" ], "local_representative": { "required": true, "note_en": "Foreign facilities must designate a US agent for FDA registration purposes.", "note_zh": "境外生产企业必须为FDA注册指定一名美国代理人。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "SPF/防晒宣称让产品变成OTC药品，需要药品级注册——跨境卖家最容易踩的红线", "MoCRA工厂注册针对生产工厂而非卖家，代工模式下需确认工厂已注册", "'纯天然''药妆'等宣称易被FDA认定为药品宣称，引发警告信" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "United States federal requirements; state requirements may add obligations", "applicability": [ "Confirm intended use, ingredients, claims, presentation and whether the product is therapeutic" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked fda.gov/cosmetics MoCRA page directly in browser (blocks scripted fetch but loads normally). Confirmed: facility registration renews every 2 years, serious adverse event reporting within 15 business days, fragrance allergen labeling still at rulemaking stage (not yet finalized). All matched the existing summary.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ { "id": "cosmetics-us:source:1", "title": "Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act (MoCRA)", "authority": "US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/modernization-cosmetics-regulation-act-2022-mocra", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:source:2", "title": "FD&C Act + Fair Packaging and Labeling Act", "authority": "FDA", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-labeling/cosmetics-labeling-regulations", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "cosmetics-us:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Under MoCRA (2022), cosmetics for the US require FDA facility registration, product listing, safety substantiation, adverse-event recordkeeping, and a US agent for foreign facilities — the biggest expansion of FDA cosmetics authority since 1938.", "text_zh": "根据《化妆品监管现代化法案》(MoCRA, 2022)，输美化妆品需FDA工厂注册、产品列名、安全性证明、不良事件记录，境外工厂须指定美国代理人——这是1938年以来FDA化妆品监管权最大的一次扩张。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm intended use, ingredients, claims, presentation and whether the product is therapeutic" ], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Safety substantiation with adequate evidence (tests or existing data)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Facility registration renewed biennially; product listing updated annually", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Serious adverse event reporting within 15 business days", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Note: products with sunscreen/SPF claims are OTC drugs — a separate, much heavier regime", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Ingredient declaration per FPLA", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "US contact for adverse event reporting on the label", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Fragrance allergen disclosure (rulemaking in progress under MoCRA; FDA has not yet issued a final rule as of the July 2026 check)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "Foreign facilities must designate a US agent for FDA registration purposes.", "text_zh": "境外生产企业必须为FDA注册指定一名美国代理人。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-us:source:1", "cosmetics-us:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "SPF/防晒宣称让产品变成OTC药品，需要药品级注册——跨境卖家最容易踩的红线", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "MoCRA工厂注册针对生产工厂而非卖家，代工模式下需确认工厂已注册", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "cosmetics-us:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "'纯天然''药妆'等宣称易被FDA认定为药品宣称，引发警告信", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk", "category": "cosmetics", "market": "UK", "risk_level": "medium", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked gov.uk guidance 'Making cosmetic products available to consumers in Great Britain' directly in browser. Confirmed UK Responsible Person requirement, PIF (10-year retention), two-part CPSR (Part A/B), Submit Cosmetic Product Notifications (SCPN) service run by OPSS, and pre-market notification requirement. Existing summary matched.", "summary_en": "The UK retained the EU cosmetics framework: a UK Responsible Person, notification via the Submit Cosmetic Product Notifications (SCPN) service run by OPSS, and a PIF. EU CPNP notifications do not carry over.", "summary_zh": "英国保留了欧盟化妆品监管框架：需英国责任人、通过OPSS运营的SCPN系统通报产品、并备有产品信息文件(PIF)。欧盟CPNP通报不能沿用。", "required_marks": [], "regulations": [ { "name": "UK Cosmetics Regulation (retained Reg 1223/2009)", "authority": "Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS)", "source": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-cosmetic-products-available-to-consumers-in-great-britain" } ], "testing_certification": [ "CPSR by qualified assessor (EU CPSR largely reusable with UK RP details)", "PIF held at UK RP address", "SCPN notification before placing on GB market" ], "labelling": [ "UK RP name and address on label", "INCI ingredient list", "English-language mandatory particulars" ], "local_representative": { "required": true, "note_en": "UK Responsible Person is separate from the EU RP; both are needed to sell in both markets.", "note_zh": "英国责任人与欧盟责任人相互独立，同时销售两个市场需分别指定。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "CPNP通报不迁移到SCPN，脱欧后未重新通报的老产品在英国属违规", "标签须同时印欧盟RP和英国RP时空间紧张，需提前设计双市场标签", "北爱尔兰仍适用欧盟化妆品法规，走CPNP而非SCPN" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales); Northern Ireland can follow a different regime", "applicability": [ "Confirm intended use, ingredients, claims, presentation and whether the product is therapeutic" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked gov.uk guidance 'Making cosmetic products available to consumers in Great Britain' directly in browser. Confirmed UK Responsible Person requirement, PIF (10-year retention), two-part CPSR (Part A/B), Submit Cosmetic Product Notifications (SCPN) service run by OPSS, and pre-market notification requirement. Existing summary matched.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ { "id": "cosmetics-uk:source:1", "title": "UK Cosmetics Regulation (retained Reg 1223/2009)", "authority": "Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-cosmetic-products-available-to-consumers-in-great-britain", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "cosmetics-uk:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "The UK retained the EU cosmetics framework: a UK Responsible Person, notification via the Submit Cosmetic Product Notifications (SCPN) service run by OPSS, and a PIF. EU CPNP notifications do not carry over.", "text_zh": "英国保留了欧盟化妆品监管框架：需英国责任人、通过OPSS运营的SCPN系统通报产品、并备有产品信息文件(PIF)。欧盟CPNP通报不能沿用。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm intended use, ingredients, claims, presentation and whether the product is therapeutic" ], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "CPSR by qualified assessor (EU CPSR largely reusable with UK RP details)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "PIF held at UK RP address", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "SCPN notification before placing on GB market", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "UK RP name and address on label", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "INCI ingredient list", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "English-language mandatory particulars", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "UK Responsible Person is separate from the EU RP; both are needed to sell in both markets.", "text_zh": "英国责任人与欧盟责任人相互独立，同时销售两个市场需分别指定。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "CPNP通报不迁移到SCPN，脱欧后未重新通报的老产品在英国属违规", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "标签须同时印欧盟RP和英国RP时空间紧张，需提前设计双市场标签", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "cosmetics-uk:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "北爱尔兰仍适用欧盟化妆品法规，走CPNP而非SCPN", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "cosmetics-au", "category": "cosmetics", "market": "AU", "risk_level": "medium", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked industrialchemicals.gov.au (AICIS) and productsafety.gov.au cosmetics ingredients labelling mandatory standard page directly in browser. Confirmed AICIS registration/renewal/fee structure, ingredient-by-ingredient Inventory check model, descending-order ingredient labelling rule, and that therapeutic goods (including sunscreens) are excluded from the cosmetics mandatory standard and fall to TGA instead. Existing summary matched.", "summary_en": "Australia regulates cosmetic ingredients as industrial chemicals under AICIS — importers must register with AICIS and ensure every ingredient is listed on the Inventory or covered by an exemption. Sunscreens and therapeutic claims shift products to the TGA.", "summary_zh": "澳大利亚将化妆品成分作为工业化学品由AICIS监管——进口商须在AICIS注册，并确保每种成分已列入名录或符合豁免。防晒和治疗类宣称会使产品转由TGA（药品级）监管。", "required_marks": [], "regulations": [ { "name": "Industrial Chemicals Act 2019 (AICIS)", "authority": "Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme", "source": "https://www.industrialchemicals.gov.au/" }, { "name": "Cosmetics ingredients labelling mandatory standard", "authority": "ACCC", "source": "https://www.productsafety.gov.au/business/search-mandatory-standards/cosmetics-ingredients-labelling-mandatory-standard" }, { "name": "Therapeutic Goods Act (sunscreens, therapeutic claims)", "authority": "Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)", "source": "https://www.tga.gov.au/products/sunscreens" } ], "testing_certification": [ "AICIS registration as importer (annual, fee-based)", "Ingredient-by-ingredient check against the AICIS Inventory", "Sunscreen products: TGA listing (AUST L) with mandatory efficacy testing" ], "labelling": [ "Ingredient labelling per the mandatory standard", "Therapeutic claims prohibited without TGA listing" ], "local_representative": { "required": true, "note_en": "The AICIS-registered introducer must be an Australian entity — cross-border sellers need a local importer or service provider.", "note_zh": "AICIS注册引进人必须是澳大利亚实体——跨境卖家需要本地进口商或注册服务商。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "澳洲监管的是'成分引进'而非成品——按成分逐一核对名录，与欧美思路完全不同", "SPF宣称在澳洲=药品(TGA AUST L)，含防晒值的BB霜、粉底都可能中招", "AICIS按引进量分级收费和申报，低估引进量会导致合规等级错误" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "Australia; state and territory enforcement can vary", "applicability": [ "Confirm intended use, ingredients, claims, presentation and whether the product is therapeutic" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked industrialchemicals.gov.au (AICIS) and productsafety.gov.au cosmetics ingredients labelling mandatory standard page directly in browser. Confirmed AICIS registration/renewal/fee structure, ingredient-by-ingredient Inventory check model, descending-order ingredient labelling rule, and that therapeutic goods (including sunscreens) are excluded from the cosmetics mandatory standard and fall to TGA instead. Existing summary matched.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ { "id": "cosmetics-au:source:1", "title": "Industrial Chemicals Act 2019 (AICIS)", "authority": "Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme", "url": "https://www.industrialchemicals.gov.au/", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:source:2", "title": "Cosmetics ingredients labelling mandatory standard", "authority": "ACCC", "url": "https://www.productsafety.gov.au/business/search-mandatory-standards/cosmetics-ingredients-labelling-mandatory-standard", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:source:3", "title": "Therapeutic Goods Act (sunscreens, therapeutic claims)", "authority": "Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)", "url": "https://www.tga.gov.au/products/sunscreens", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "cosmetics-au:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Australia regulates cosmetic ingredients as industrial chemicals under AICIS — importers must register with AICIS and ensure every ingredient is listed on the Inventory or covered by an exemption. Sunscreens and therapeutic claims shift products to the TGA.", "text_zh": "澳大利亚将化妆品成分作为工业化学品由AICIS监管——进口商须在AICIS注册，并确保每种成分已列入名录或符合豁免。防晒和治疗类宣称会使产品转由TGA（药品级）监管。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm intended use, ingredients, claims, presentation and whether the product is therapeutic" ], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-au:source:1", "cosmetics-au:source:2", "cosmetics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "AICIS registration as importer (annual, fee-based)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-au:source:1", "cosmetics-au:source:2", "cosmetics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Ingredient-by-ingredient check against the AICIS Inventory", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-au:source:1", "cosmetics-au:source:2", "cosmetics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Sunscreen products: TGA listing (AUST L) with mandatory efficacy testing", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-au:source:1", "cosmetics-au:source:2", "cosmetics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Ingredient labelling per the mandatory standard", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-au:source:1", "cosmetics-au:source:2", "cosmetics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Therapeutic claims prohibited without TGA listing", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-au:source:1", "cosmetics-au:source:2", "cosmetics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "The AICIS-registered introducer must be an Australian entity — cross-border sellers need a local importer or service provider.", "text_zh": "AICIS注册引进人必须是澳大利亚实体——跨境卖家需要本地进口商或注册服务商。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "cosmetics-au:source:1", "cosmetics-au:source:2", "cosmetics-au:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "澳洲监管的是'成分引进'而非成品——按成分逐一核对名录，与欧美思路完全不同", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "SPF宣称在澳洲=药品(TGA AUST L)，含防晒值的BB霜、粉底都可能中招", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "cosmetics-au:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "AICIS按引进量分级收费和申报，低估引进量会导致合规等级错误", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "food-contact-eu", "category": "food-contact", "market": "EU", "risk_level": "medium", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked EUR-Lex full text of Regulation (EU) 10/2011 directly in browser (DOM-level extraction). Confirmed overall migration limit concept, primary aromatic amine restriction/detection limit, and that Article 16 of Regulation 1935/2004 (referenced within 10/2011's recitals) establishes the written Declaration of Compliance requirement. Existing summary matched.", "summary_en": "Food-contact materials for the EU fall under Framework Regulation 1935/2004; plastics additionally under Regulation 10/2011 with overall and specific migration limits. A Declaration of Compliance must accompany plastic FCMs through the supply chain.", "summary_zh": "输欧食品接触材料适用框架法规1935/2004；塑料材质另受法规10/2011约束，含总迁移和特定迁移限量。塑料食品接触材料须随附符合性声明(DoC)在供应链中传递。", "required_marks": [ "Glass-and-fork symbol (where not obviously food-contact)" ], "regulations": [ { "name": "Framework Regulation (EC) 1935/2004", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R1935" }, { "name": "Plastics Regulation (EU) 10/2011", "authority": "European Commission", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R0010" } ], "testing_certification": [ "Overall migration testing (10/2011 simulants and conditions)", "Specific migration testing for restricted substances (e.g. melamine, formaldehyde, primary aromatic amines)", "Declaration of Compliance for plastic FCMs", "Bamboo/plant-fibre-filled plastics are effectively banned — high-enforcement area" ], "labelling": [ "Glass-and-fork symbol or 'for food contact' wording where use is not obvious", "Importer identification", "Usage conditions/temperature limits where relevant" ], "local_representative": { "required": true, "note_en": "GPSR responsible person requirements apply to consumer FCM products sold online.", "note_zh": "线上销售的消费类食品接触产品同样适用GPSR的欧盟责任人要求。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "'竹纤维'密胺餐具在欧盟被认定为非法，是RASFF通报和退运的重灾区", "尼龙厨具的初级芳香胺(PAA)迁移超标是中国产厨具被扣的头号原因", "DoC不是测试报告——需要按10/2011附件IV格式单独出具" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "European Union (EU-27); member-state language, registration and enforcement details may vary", "applicability": [ "Confirm material composition, food type, temperature, duration and repeated-use conditions" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked EUR-Lex full text of Regulation (EU) 10/2011 directly in browser (DOM-level extraction). Confirmed overall migration limit concept, primary aromatic amine restriction/detection limit, and that Article 16 of Regulation 1935/2004 (referenced within 10/2011's recitals) establishes the written Declaration of Compliance requirement. Existing summary matched.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ { "id": "food-contact-eu:source:1", "title": "Framework Regulation (EC) 1935/2004", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R1935", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:source:2", "title": "Plastics Regulation (EU) 10/2011", "authority": "European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R0010", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "food-contact-eu:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Food-contact materials for the EU fall under Framework Regulation 1935/2004; plastics additionally under Regulation 10/2011 with overall and specific migration limits. A Declaration of Compliance must accompany plastic FCMs through the supply chain.", "text_zh": "输欧食品接触材料适用框架法规1935/2004；塑料材质另受法规10/2011约束，含总迁移和特定迁移限量。塑料食品接触材料须随附符合性声明(DoC)在供应链中传递。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm material composition, food type, temperature, duration and repeated-use conditions" ], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:required_mark:1", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "Glass-and-fork symbol (where not obviously food-contact)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Overall migration testing (10/2011 simulants and conditions)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Specific migration testing for restricted substances (e.g. melamine, formaldehyde, primary aromatic amines)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Declaration of Compliance for plastic FCMs", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Bamboo/plant-fibre-filled plastics are effectively banned — high-enforcement area", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Glass-and-fork symbol or 'for food contact' wording where use is not obvious", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Importer identification", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:labelling:3", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Usage conditions/temperature limits where relevant", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "GPSR responsible person requirements apply to consumer FCM products sold online.", "text_zh": "线上销售的消费类食品接触产品同样适用GPSR的欧盟责任人要求。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-eu:source:1", "food-contact-eu:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "'竹纤维'密胺餐具在欧盟被认定为非法，是RASFF通报和退运的重灾区", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "尼龙厨具的初级芳香胺(PAA)迁移超标是中国产厨具被扣的头号原因", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-eu:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "DoC不是测试报告——需要按10/2011附件IV格式单独出具", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "food-contact-us", "category": "food-contact", "market": "US", "risk_level": "medium", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked ecfr.gov Title 21 Chapter I Subchapter B, fda.gov FCS notification background page, and oehha.ca.gov Prop 65 page directly in browser (all load fine; the earlier session's ecfr.gov block was inconsistent — this attempt succeeded). Confirmed Subchapter B covers 'Food for Human Consumption' (housing Parts 174-190), the FCN program replaced the petition process in 1997 under FDAMA, and Prop 65 basics. Existing summary matched.", "summary_en": "US food-contact rules sit in FDA regulations 21 CFR 174-190: materials must be authorized food additives, covered by a Food Contact Notification, or GRAS. No pre-market certificate exists — compliance is substance-by-substance against the CFR.", "summary_zh": "美国食品接触规则见FDA法规21 CFR 174-190：材料必须是获批的食品添加剂、有食品接触通报(FCN)覆盖、或属GRAS。不存在上市前证书——合规性按物质逐一对照CFR核查。", "required_marks": [], "regulations": [ { "name": "21 CFR Parts 174-190 (indirect food additives)", "authority": "FDA", "source": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B" }, { "name": "Food Contact Substance Notification program", "authority": "FDA", "source": "https://www.fda.gov/food/packaging-food-contact-substances-fcs/regulatory-background-food-contact-substance-notification-program" }, { "name": "California Prop 65 (lead, cadmium, phthalates in tableware)", "authority": "California OEHHA", "source": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65" } ], "testing_certification": [ "Formulation review against 21 CFR clearances (resins, colorants, additives)", "Extraction testing per applicable CFR sections", "FDA 'compliance letter' from labs is industry practice, not an official certificate", "State-level rules increasingly target PFAS in food packaging" ], "labelling": [ "No mandatory food-contact symbol", "Prop 65 warnings for California where applicable (esp. decorated ceramics, brass)" ], "local_representative": { "required": false, "note_en": "No responsible-person regime; the importer of record is liable, and FDA can detain non-compliant shipments at port.", "note_zh": "无境内责任人制度；登记进口商承担责任，FDA可在口岸直接扣留不合规货物。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "'FDA认证'并不存在——FDA不给食品接触产品发证书，声称'FDA认证'本身就是违规宣传", "装饰陶瓷餐具的铅镉溶出是FDA进口警示(Import Alert)常客，中国产地被点名", "各州PFAS禁令(加州、纽约等)扩散很快，出口包装材料需逐州核查" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "United States federal requirements; state requirements may add obligations", "applicability": [ "Confirm material composition, food type, temperature, duration and repeated-use conditions" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked ecfr.gov Title 21 Chapter I Subchapter B, fda.gov FCS notification background page, and oehha.ca.gov Prop 65 page directly in browser (all load fine; the earlier session's ecfr.gov block was inconsistent — this attempt succeeded). Confirmed Subchapter B covers 'Food for Human Consumption' (housing Parts 174-190), the FCN program replaced the petition process in 1997 under FDAMA, and Prop 65 basics. Existing summary matched.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ { "id": "food-contact-us:source:1", "title": "21 CFR Parts 174-190 (indirect food additives)", "authority": "FDA", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:source:2", "title": "Food Contact Substance Notification program", "authority": "FDA", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/food/packaging-food-contact-substances-fcs/regulatory-background-food-contact-substance-notification-program", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:source:3", "title": "California Prop 65 (lead, cadmium, phthalates in tableware)", "authority": "California OEHHA", "url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "food-contact-us:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "US food-contact rules sit in FDA regulations 21 CFR 174-190: materials must be authorized food additives, covered by a Food Contact Notification, or GRAS. No pre-market certificate exists — compliance is substance-by-substance against the CFR.", "text_zh": "美国食品接触规则见FDA法规21 CFR 174-190：材料必须是获批的食品添加剂、有食品接触通报(FCN)覆盖、或属GRAS。不存在上市前证书——合规性按物质逐一对照CFR核查。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm material composition, food type, temperature, duration and repeated-use conditions" ], "evidence": [ "food-contact-us:source:1", "food-contact-us:source:2", "food-contact-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Formulation review against 21 CFR clearances (resins, colorants, additives)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-us:source:1", "food-contact-us:source:2", "food-contact-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Extraction testing per applicable CFR sections", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-us:source:1", "food-contact-us:source:2", "food-contact-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "FDA 'compliance letter' from labs is industry practice, not an official certificate", "text_zh": null, "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:testing:4", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "State-level rules increasingly target PFAS in food packaging", "text_zh": null, "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "No mandatory food-contact symbol", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-us:source:1", "food-contact-us:source:2", "food-contact-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Prop 65 warnings for California where applicable (esp. decorated ceramics, brass)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-us:source:1", "food-contact-us:source:2", "food-contact-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "No responsible-person regime; the importer of record is liable, and FDA can detain non-compliant shipments at port.", "text_zh": "无境内责任人制度；登记进口商承担责任，FDA可在口岸直接扣留不合规货物。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": false, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-us:source:1", "food-contact-us:source:2", "food-contact-us:source:3" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "'FDA认证'并不存在——FDA不给食品接触产品发证书，声称'FDA认证'本身就是违规宣传", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "装饰陶瓷餐具的铅镉溶出是FDA进口警示(Import Alert)常客，中国产地被点名", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-us:pitfall:3", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "各州PFAS禁令(加州、纽约等)扩散很快，出口包装材料需逐州核查", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "food-contact-uk", "category": "food-contact", "market": "UK", "risk_level": "low", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked gov.uk 'Food contact materials regulations' guidance directly in browser. Confirmed FSA enforcement role and that England/Wales/Northern Ireland each consolidated food-contact enforcement via the 2012 national regulations. Page does not itself use the word 'assimilated' but is consistent with retained/assimilated EU law status; existing summary matched.", "summary_en": "GB retained the EU food-contact framework (1935/2004 and 10/2011 as assimilated law), enforced by the Food Standards Agency and local authorities. Requirements track the EU closely, but divergence is possible over time.", "summary_zh": "英国（大不列颠）以'保留法'形式沿用欧盟食品接触框架（1935/2004和10/2011），由食品标准局(FSA)和地方当局执法。要求与欧盟高度一致，但未来可能逐步分化。", "required_marks": [ "Glass-and-fork symbol (where not obviously food-contact)" ], "regulations": [ { "name": "Assimilated Regulation 1935/2004 (GB)", "authority": "Food Standards Agency (FSA)", "source": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/food-contact-materials-regulations" } ], "testing_certification": [ "Migration testing to the same technical limits as the EU regime", "Declaration of Compliance for plastics", "EU test reports generally accepted for GB" ], "labelling": [ "Glass-and-fork symbol or equivalent wording", "UK business address for traceability" ], "local_representative": { "required": false, "note_en": "No dedicated FCM responsible person, but general product safety rules and importer traceability apply.", "note_zh": "食品接触材料无专门责任人制度，但一般产品安全规则和进口商可追溯性要求仍然适用。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "目前英欧要求基本一致，但英国修法节奏不同，需监控FSA动态防止分化", "北爱尔兰继续适用欧盟法规原文，与大不列颠的'保留法'版本可能出现差异" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales); Northern Ireland can follow a different regime", "applicability": [ "Confirm material composition, food type, temperature, duration and repeated-use conditions" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "source_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: Checked gov.uk 'Food contact materials regulations' guidance directly in browser. Confirmed FSA enforcement role and that England/Wales/Northern Ireland each consolidated food-contact enforcement via the 2012 national regulations. Page does not itself use the word 'assimilated' but is consistent with retained/assimilated EU law status; existing summary matched.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review against the cited primary sources", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ { "id": "food-contact-uk:source:1", "title": "Assimilated Regulation 1935/2004 (GB)", "authority": "Food Standards Agency (FSA)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/food-contact-materials-regulations", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "food-contact-uk:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "GB retained the EU food-contact framework (1935/2004 and 10/2011 as assimilated law), enforced by the Food Standards Agency and local authorities. Requirements track the EU closely, but divergence is possible over time.", "text_zh": "英国（大不列颠）以'保留法'形式沿用欧盟食品接触框架（1935/2004和10/2011），由食品标准局(FSA)和地方当局执法。要求与欧盟高度一致，但未来可能逐步分化。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm material composition, food type, temperature, duration and repeated-use conditions" ], "evidence": [ "food-contact-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:required_mark:1", "topic": "required_mark", "text_en": "Glass-and-fork symbol (where not obviously food-contact)", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Migration testing to the same technical limits as the EU regime", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Declaration of Compliance for plastics", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:testing:3", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "EU test reports generally accepted for GB", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Glass-and-fork symbol or equivalent wording", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "UK business address for traceability", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "No dedicated FCM responsible person, but general product safety rules and importer traceability apply.", "text_zh": "食品接触材料无专门责任人制度，但一般产品安全规则和进口商可追溯性要求仍然适用。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": false, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-uk:source:1" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "目前英欧要求基本一致，但英国修法节奏不同，需监控FSA动态防止分化", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-uk:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "北爱尔兰继续适用欧盟法规原文，与大不列颠的'保留法'版本可能出现差异", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] }, { "id": "food-contact-au", "category": "food-contact", "market": "AU", "risk_level": "low", "legal_status": "in_force", "review_status": "partially_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: The cited foodstandards.gov.au URL now redirects to a general 'Food safety for food businesses' page (Standards 3.x) and no longer surfaces Standard 1.4.3 (chemical migration limits from packaging) directly; site search returned no results for it either. Checked standards.org.au — loads fine, but is only the Standards Australia homepage, not the specific AS 2070 standard (a pre-existing weak citation, unchanged). Core claim (no pre-market approval, general safety obligation, AS 2070 voluntary) not contradicted by anything found, but the FSANZ citation needs a better URL — flagging rather than claiming full verification.", "summary_en": "Australia has no pre-market approval for food-contact materials: the FSANZ Food Standards Code sets general safety obligations, AS 2070 (plastics for food contact) is voluntary, and state food acts provide enforcement. Lighter regime, but general consumer law still applies.", "summary_zh": "澳大利亚对食品接触材料无上市前审批：FSANZ食品标准法典规定一般安全义务，AS 2070（食品接触塑料）为自愿标准，各州食品法负责执法。监管较轻，但消费者法的一般安全要求仍然适用。", "required_marks": [], "regulations": [ { "name": "Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (Standard 1.4.3)", "authority": "Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ)", "source": "https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/business/food-safety" }, { "name": "AS 2070-1999 Plastics for food contact (voluntary)", "authority": "Standards Australia", "source": "https://www.standards.org.au/" } ], "testing_certification": [ "No mandatory migration testing, but AS 2070 references EU/FDA-style requirements", "Compliance with EU or FDA regimes is the accepted de facto benchmark for retail buyers" ], "labelling": [ "No mandatory food-contact symbol", "Australian Consumer Law prohibitions on misleading claims apply" ], "local_representative": { "required": false, "note_en": "No registration or responsible-person requirement for FCMs.", "note_zh": "食品接触材料无注册或责任人要求。" }, "pitfalls_zh": [ "监管轻不等于零风险——大型零售商(Woolworths/Coles)采购合同通常直接要求欧盟或FDA合规证据", "如产品同时销往新西兰，注意两国共用FSANZ框架但执法机构不同" ], "last_verified": "2026-07-05", "jurisdiction_scope": "Australia; state and territory enforcement can vary", "applicability": [ "Confirm material composition, food type, temperature, duration and repeated-use conditions" ], "provenance": { "schema_version": "2026-07-06", "review_status": "partially_checked", "review_note": "2026-07-05: The cited foodstandards.gov.au URL now redirects to a general 'Food safety for food businesses' page (Standards 3.x) and no longer surfaces Standard 1.4.3 (chemical migration limits from packaging) directly; site search returned no results for it either. Checked standards.org.au — loads fine, but is only the Standards Australia homepage, not the specific AS 2070 standard (a pre-existing weak citation, unchanged). Core claim (no pre-market approval, general safety obligation, AS 2070 voluntary) not contradicted by anything found, but the FSANZ citation needs a better URL — flagging rather than claiming full verification.", "verified_at": "2026-07-05", "verified_by": "ComplianceCN editorial review (partial — see provenance.review_note)", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ { "id": "food-contact-au:source:1", "title": "Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (Standard 1.4.3)", "authority": "Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ)", "url": "https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/business/food-safety", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "id": "food-contact-au:source:2", "title": "AS 2070-1999 Plastics for food contact (voluntary)", "authority": "Standards Australia", "url": "https://www.standards.org.au/", "source_type": "primary", "checked_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, "claims": [ { "id": "food-contact-au:summary", "topic": "summary", "text_en": "Australia has no pre-market approval for food-contact materials: the FSANZ Food Standards Code sets general safety obligations, AS 2070 (plastics for food contact) is voluntary, and state food acts provide enforcement. Lighter regime, but general consumer law still applies.", "text_zh": "澳大利亚对食品接触材料无上市前审批：FSANZ食品标准法典规定一般安全义务，AS 2070（食品接触塑料）为自愿标准，各州食品法负责执法。监管较轻，但消费者法的一般安全要求仍然适用。", "classification": "legal_summary", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [ "Confirm material composition, food type, temperature, duration and repeated-use conditions" ], "evidence": [ "food-contact-au:source:1", "food-contact-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-au:testing:1", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "No mandatory migration testing, but AS 2070 references EU/FDA-style requirements", "text_zh": null, "classification": "compliance_measure", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-au:source:1", "food-contact-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-au:testing:2", "topic": "testing", "text_en": "Compliance with EU or FDA regimes is the accepted de facto benchmark for retail buyers", "text_zh": null, "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-au:labelling:1", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "No mandatory food-contact symbol", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-au:source:1", "food-contact-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-au:labelling:2", "topic": "labelling", "text_en": "Australian Consumer Law prohibitions on misleading claims apply", "text_zh": null, "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": true, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-au:source:1", "food-contact-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-au:local-presence", "topic": "local_presence", "text_en": "No registration or responsible-person requirement for FCMs.", "text_zh": "食品接触材料无注册或责任人要求。", "classification": "legal_requirement", "mandatory": false, "conditions": [], "evidence": [ "food-contact-au:source:1", "food-contact-au:source:2" ], "evidence_status": "record_source_set" }, { "id": "food-contact-au:pitfall:1", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "监管轻不等于零风险——大型零售商(Woolworths/Coles)采购合同通常直接要求欧盟或FDA合规证据", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" }, { "id": "food-contact-au:pitfall:2", "topic": "pitfall", "text_en": null, "text_zh": "如产品同时销往新西兰，注意两国共用FSANZ框架但执法机构不同", "classification": "practical_guidance", "mandatory": null, "conditions": [], "evidence": [], "evidence_status": "editorial_source_needed" } ] } ] }