{
  "dataset_version": "0.2.0-demo",
  "instrument": {
    "name": "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 on batteries and waste batteries",
    "authority": "European Union",
    "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj",
    "summary_source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/LSU/?uri=CELEX:32023R1542"
  },
  "passport_scope_note_en": "The battery passport applies to LMT (e-bike/e-scooter), industrial (above a capacity threshold) and EV batteries — NOT to the portable batteries in typical consumer electronics. Portable batteries face other obligations (CE marking, labelling, end-user removability), but claiming the passport covers them overstates the mandate.",
  "passport_scope_note_zh": "电池护照适用于LMT（电动自行车/滑板车）、超过容量门槛的工业电池和电动汽车电池——不适用于普通消费电子产品中的便携式电池。便携式电池另有义务（CE标志、标签、用户可拆卸性），声称护照覆盖它们属于夸大监管要求。",
  "disclaimer_en": "Milestone dates carry per-item review_status. Verify against the cited EUR-Lex text before relying on any date.",
  "disclaimer_zh": "各时间节点均标注核验状态。依赖任何日期前请核对所引用的EUR-Lex原文。",
  "count": 7,
  "milestones": [
    {
      "id": "bat-reg-application",
      "date": "2024-02-18",
      "market": "EU",
      "article": "Art. 96",
      "applies_to": [
        "all battery categories"
      ],
      "obligation_en": "General application of the Battery Regulation begins; remaining obligations phase in on staged dates.",
      "obligation_zh": "《电池法规》开始总体适用；其余义务按阶段性日期逐步生效。",
      "review_status": "source_checked",
      "review_note": "2026-07-05: Confirmed by the official EUR-Lex legislative summary (applied since 18 February 2024)."
    },
    {
      "id": "bat-reg-ce-marking",
      "date": "2024-08-18",
      "market": "EU",
      "article": "Arts. 17, 19-20, 38",
      "applies_to": [
        "all battery categories"
      ],
      "obligation_en": "Conformity assessment and CE marking obligations for batteries placed on the EU market — the battery itself needs CE marking, separate from the device's CE marking.",
      "obligation_zh": "投放欧盟市场的电池须完成符合性评估并加贴CE标志——电池本身的CE标志独立于整机的CE标志。",
      "review_status": "source_checked",
      "review_note": "2026-07-05: Confirmed in EUR-Lex full text. Article 96(2)(b) explicitly dates 'Article 17 and Chapter VI' (which starts at Article 38, 'Obligations of manufacturers') to 18 August 2024, except Article 17(2) which runs from 12 months after the first publication of the Article 30(2) list. Caveat: Articles 19-20 (general CE-marking principles and affixing rules) are not themselves listed as an exception in Article 96, so read literally they fall under the general 18 February 2024 application date — but CE marking can't be operationalised until the Article 17 conformity-assessment procedure is available, so 18 August 2024 is the correct practical date for this milestone."
    },
    {
      "id": "bat-reg-due-diligence",
      "date": "2025-08-18",
      "market": "EU",
      "article": "Arts. 48-52",
      "applies_to": [
        "economic operators with net turnover ≥ EUR 40 million (standalone or consolidated group)"
      ],
      "obligation_en": "Battery due diligence policies (supply-chain risk management) required for economic operators with net turnover of EUR 40 million or more in the preceding financial year; operators below that threshold (standalone or as part of a consolidated group) are outside the scope of this chapter per Article 47, though their upstream suppliers may not be exempt.",
      "obligation_zh": "上一财年净营业额达4000万欧元及以上的经营者（单体或合并计算）须建立电池尽职调查政策（供应链风险管理）；根据第47条，低于该门槛的经营者不适用本章，但其上游供应商未必豁免。",
      "review_status": "source_checked",
      "review_note": "2026-07-05: Confirmed in EUR-Lex full text. Article 48(1) states the due diligence obligations apply 'From 18 August 2025'. Article 47 (Scope of this Chapter) sets the threshold precisely: the chapter does not apply to economic operators with net turnover below EUR 40 million in the financial year preceding the last financial year, whether standalone or as part of a consolidated group exceeding that limit."
    },
    {
      "id": "bat-reg-labelling",
      "date": "2026-08-18",
      "market": "EU",
      "article": "Art. 13",
      "applies_to": [
        "all battery categories"
      ],
      "obligation_en": "General information labelling requirements for batteries begin (manufacturer, capacity, chemistry, separate-collection symbol).",
      "obligation_zh": "电池一般信息标签要求生效（制造商、容量、化学体系、分类回收标志）。",
      "review_status": "source_checked",
      "review_note": "2026-07-05: Confirmed in EUR-Lex full text. Article 13(1)-(3) states the general label, capacity label, and minimum-duration label all apply 'From 18 August 2026 or 18 months after the date of entry into force of the implementing act referred to in paragraph 10, whichever is the latest' — so 18 August 2026 is the earliest possible date but could slip later depending on when the Article 13(10) implementing act enters into force."
    },
    {
      "id": "bat-reg-passport",
      "date": "2027-02-18",
      "market": "EU",
      "article": "Art. 77",
      "applies_to": [
        "LMT batteries (e-bikes, e-scooters)",
        "industrial batteries above the capacity threshold",
        "EV batteries"
      ],
      "explicitly_excluded": [
        "portable batteries in consumer electronics"
      ],
      "obligation_en": "Digital battery passport required: a machine-readable record per battery. Scope is LMT, industrial and EV batteries only — portable consumer batteries are NOT covered.",
      "obligation_zh": "数字电池护照生效：每块电池须有机器可读记录。范围仅限LMT、工业和电动汽车电池——便携式消费电池不在其列。",
      "review_status": "source_checked",
      "review_note": "2026-07-05: Confirmed word-for-word in EUR-Lex full text of Article 77(1): 'From 18 February 2027 each LMT battery, each industrial battery with a capacity greater than 2 kWh and each electric vehicle battery placed on the market or put into service shall have an electronic record (‘battery passport’).' Both the date and the >2 kWh threshold are exact."
    },
    {
      "id": "bat-reg-removability",
      "date": "2027-02-18",
      "market": "EU",
      "article": "Art. 11",
      "applies_to": [
        "portable batteries in appliances"
      ],
      "obligation_en": "Portable batteries in appliances must be removable and replaceable by the end user — a product-design obligation that hits ordinary consumer electronics, unlike the passport.",
      "obligation_zh": "器具中的便携式电池须可由最终用户拆卸和更换——这是影响普通消费电子产品的产品设计义务，与护照不同。",
      "review_status": "source_checked",
      "review_note": "2026-07-05: Article 11 itself does not state an application date (it just sets the removability/replaceability obligation). Confirmed the 18 February 2027 date in Article 96(2)(a), the regulation's 'Entry into force and application' provision: 'Article 11 shall apply from 18 February 2027.'"
    },
    {
      "id": "bat-reg-qr-code",
      "date": "2027-02-18",
      "market": "EU",
      "article": "Art. 13(6)",
      "applies_to": [
        "all battery categories"
      ],
      "obligation_en": "QR code on batteries linking to required information (and to the passport where one applies).",
      "obligation_zh": "电池须带二维码，链接至法定信息（适用护照的电池链接至护照）。",
      "review_status": "source_checked",
      "review_note": "2026-07-05: Confirmed word-for-word in EUR-Lex full text of Article 13(6): 'From 18 February 2027, all batteries shall be marked with a QR code as described in Part C of Annex VI.' Note this QR-code date (18 Feb 2027) is later than the general label date in Article 13(1)-(3) (18 August 2026 at the earliest) — the label and the QR code are separate obligations with separate dates within the same Article 13."
    }
  ]
}